Think of it like this: the main list that organizes all your files got a little scrambled. Your computer noticed this and stopped loading to prevent any problems.
All you have to do is tell it to clean up that list. This guide works for regular computers and even home servers like OpenMediaVault (OMV) - where I had this issue.
Step 1: Tell the Computer to Fix Itself
The screen is waiting for a command. You're going to use a tool called fsck, which is short for "File System Check."
At the (initramfs) prompt, carefully type the following and press the Enter key:
fsck /dev/sda1
The computer might ask you a bunch of "yes" or "no" questions. To make it easier, you can just use this command instead, which automatically answers "yes" to everything:
fsck -y /dev/sda1
Step 2: Look for the "Clean" Message
The computer will show a lot of text as it works. When it's finished, you want to see the word clean.
If you see clean, it means the problem is solved!
Step 3: Restart Your Computer
Now that the file list is fixed, you just need to restart. Try this first: Type reboot and press Enter.
reboot
Method 2: The Force Option
If reboot dosen't work, try forcing the reboot. This sometimes works when the standard command fails.
reboot -f
And that's it! Your OS should now start up normally.